Butterfly Brain

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Six of the eleven patients who underwent a decompression procedure had 100 % of the enhancing volume of tumor removed. Two of these six patients received palliative (comfort care) measures only and the remaining four survived from 265 to 1,018 days.

butterfly Linking ecological specialisation to adaptations in butterfly

David Blas-Boria, Neurology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA. There are lots of types of brain tumour. They have different names depending on where they are in the brain. Nguyen, T. A. T., Beetz, M. J., Merlin, C., Pfeiffer, K. & el Jundi, B. Weighting of celestial and terrestrial cues in the monarch butterfly central complex. Front. Neural Circuits 16, 862279 (2022). Zhan, S., Merlin, C., Boore, J. L. & Reppert, S. M. The monarch butterfly genome yields insights into long-distance migration. Cell 147, 1171–1185 (2011).

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Dima Suki, Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D., Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 442, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Forty patients with butterfly gliomas were treated, 25 (62%) with standard surgical methods and 15 (38%) with awake subcortical mapping and preservation of the cingulum. One patient (1/15, 7%) experienced postoperative abulia following surgery with the cingulum-sparing technique. Greater than 90% resection was achieved in 13/15 (87%) of these patients. For a long time, scientists thought that caterpillars were reduced to pudgy mush inside the chrysalis and then rebuilt into butterflies. It was believed that enzymes that break down tissues, like caspases, were released, dissolving the caterpillar’s tissues, especially cells of the muscle and gut that weren’t needed in a butterfly. Here, we describe the process of larval, pupal, and adult butterfly brain removal using a video. We also provide a complete written description of the processes, with a list of necessary tools and chemicals. The dissection methods can be applied to different butterfly species, and the brains can be used for DNA or RNA extraction, or for immunostaining. We record the dissection process in the Bush brown butterfly Bicyclus anynana, which is especially interesting due to its plastic and sex-role reversed courtship behaviour [ 43, 44, 45, 46]. Individuals are also capable of learning visual and olfactory cues [ 47, 48, 49], and they can transmit the learned odour preferences to their offspring [ 48, 49]. Because the molecular basis of these unique behaviours can begin to be examined at the level of the brain, it is important to extract this organ for downstream analyses. Median survival of patients undergoing the Stupp regimen, where 83 % of patients had undergone prior decompression surgery, was 14.6 months [ 15]. In this group, 92 % carried a diagnosis of glioblastoma (not further characterized) and 86 % had a WHO performance status of ≤1 (KPS was not utilized in this study). Eight of our patients received radiation with concurrent temozolomide, although not all received the exact Stupp regimen. There was one death prior to completion of XRT. The median survival of this biopsy subgroup was 296 days, whereas the median survival of this surgically decompressed subgroup was 608 days. Our patients who did receive radiation with concurrent temozolomide showed a tendency to survive longer.

butterfly compass - ScienceDirect The neurobiology of the Monarch butterfly compass - ScienceDirect

Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2021, May 14). Fruit flies and mosquitos are ‘brainier’ than most people suspect, say scientists who counted the bugs’ brain cells. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/newsroom/news-releases/fruit-flies-and-mosquitos-are-brainier-than-most-people-suspect-say-scientists-who-counted-the-bugs-brain-cells A neuron (nerve cell) is the functional unit of the nervous system. They receive and transmit neural impulses. Meaning that, neurons receive, process and integrate information from all regions of the body and send instructions on how body tissues are to respond to environmental and internal events.

Brain tumours are also called primary (which start in the brain) and secondary (which spread to the brain).